Download PDF, EPUB, Kindle Biology Pamphlets. Supplement Volume 22

Biology Pamphlets. Supplement Volume 22. Books Group

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Author: Books Group
Number of Pages: 62 pages
Published Date: 01 Mar 2012
Publisher: Rarebooksclub.com
Publication Country: Miami Fl, United States
Language: English
ISBN: 9781130245226
File size: 21 Mb
Download Link: Biology Pamphlets. Supplement Volume 22
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1869 Excerpt: ...animal now extinct or the plant bearing the fruit may not have the same range as the animal to which it was adapted. The student should so far as possible support theoretical deductions by observed facts. It is probable that seeds and small dry fruits may be eaten by animals as food and that some of the seed may escape digestion. It is a common observation that the excrement of horses may contain uninjured oats. Squirrels and other animals gather nuts for winter use. Sometimes a cached horde is lost or overlooked, or the animals do not eat all that has been stored. It is evident that many nut-bearing trees may be aided in dispersal by this means. The shag-bark hickory is said by Ernest Thompson Seton to depend absolutely on squirrels for dissemination. Clinging fruits.--The second general method of dispersal of seeds by animals is their conveyance unintentionally. Smaller seeds and fruits may be carried in the mud attached to the feet. This method is especially effective in the case of water birds, the wide dispersal of water plants being probably due to this method. By far the greatest diversity of adaptations for dispersal by animals is found in the devices for clinging to the hair, feathers, clothing and so on, by means of hooks and prickles. The cocklebur and burdock cling by hooks on the involucre; the sandbur by retrorsely barbed spines; sticktights (Desmodium or Meibomia) and beggar's lice (Lappula) by glochidiate hairs; beggar's ticks (Bidens) by retrorsely barbed pappus awns. The fruit of the unicorn plant (Martynia) has two large hard hooks that fasten readily around the hoofs of cattle. Fruits of certain species of Opuntia have easily detachable fruits covered with long slender DISSEMINATION 33 spines finely retrose-barbed. Cattle grazing on the ...

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